Afghanisthan was once center of Vedic Culture. The Indo
Aryans definitely lived in that region before migrating further either upwards
or downwards. For the Aryans Afghanistan was the land of the Gandharvas or the
celestial beings. The Gandharvas were depicted in the Vedic scriptures as
celestial beings, skillful in music, with magical powers, and beautiful forms.
In status they were not equal to the devas, but regarded as higher beings with
divine powers, mischievous at times, but mostly friendly and reliable.
Takshashila is perhaps best known because of its association
with Chanakya. The famous treatise Arthashastra by Chanakya, is said to have
been composed in Takshashila itself. Chanakya (or Kautilya), the Maurya Emperor
Chandragupta and the Ayurvedic healer Charaka studied at Taxila.
The Vedas and the Eighteen Arts, which included skills such as
archery, hunting, and elephant lore, were taught, in addition to its law
school, medical school, and school of military science.
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Taxila: By SRIMATI V. T. LAKSHMI. M.R.A.S., F.R.E.S.
http://yabaluri.org/TRIVENI/CDWEB/Taxilamay39.htm
In the Vedic Age, several references are made in the Rig
Veda to the formation of Brahmanic or Vedic schools, where Vedas were taught by
hoary sages to a select number of pupils who eagerly sought them. In due
course, various types of priestly or spiritual schools were established to
propagate several special sciences and arts. Usually, these schools were housed
in the Teacher-Sages’ hermitages. But, as days passed, the number of students
increased in number and the necessity was keenly felt for the establishment of
many educational institutions, preferably secular and moral in character.
In
"Lalitha Vistara," we are told of the formation of such institutions
for teaching the three R’s and moral stories to the young. Further, a very
remarkable achievement of ancient India in the post-Vedic and Buddhist ages was
the organisation of higher education in a few of the prominent centres of
India. The earliest and the most famous institutions of the kind were those of
Benares and Taxila, which were the educational havens for people from all parts
of the world, right down at least from the Buddhist age. The one place which
acquired a great reputation not only for its mastery over a special branch of
knowledge, medicine, but also for its general ideal instruction, perfect
discipline and homely training was the University of Taxila.
Taxila was one of the great north Indian cities, the
foundation of which would go back to a very remote age. The name of the city
was Takshasila, (in Sanskrit), or Takkasila or Takhasila, (in Pali), which with
the Greek and Roman writers was transcribed as Taxila. It is now in a state of
ruins, long forgotten and neglected, but, thanks to General Cunningham’s
endeavours and explorations, in l863 the locality of Taxila could be fixed and
identified with the ruins or remains which are situated near Sarai-Kala, a
junction on the Railway, twenty miles north-west of Rawalpindi. The valley in
which they lie is very prosperous, well-watered by a navigable river, protected
by a chain of hills near an ancient trade route. In the words of Sir John
Marshall: "The strength of its natural defences and the fertility of the
soil add a good supply of water account for the importance of the city in the
early times."
Notwithstanding the power and wealth of Taxila in ancient
days, the information that is available about its history now is very meagre,
drawn mostly from the ancient traditions, literary accounts of foreign writers,
and based upon the information from coins and rare inscriptions in and near the
place.
There are many references to Takshasila in the Sanskrit
literature of various periods. In the Ramayana, (Vangavasi
Edition-Uttarakandam-Chapter XIV) Bharata, Sri Rama’s brother, is said to have
built two cities, Takkhasila and Puskalavata, and appointed his sons, Takkha
and Puskala, to be their rulers respectively. The cities were described as very
prosperous in as much as their citizens were pious and prosperous. There is
another reference in the same Uttarakanda of Ramayana that Takkhasila was a
centre of learning and that people from different parts of the country resorted
to the Institution of Education there to specialise in Law (Vyavahara). The
88th Chapter of Vayupurana refers to Takkhasila, the capital of Takka, a
beautiful city.
‘Brihatsamhita’ mentions Takkhasila as a most famous city,
implying thereby that it was doubtless a centre of ancient education and culture.
Further, in Mahabharata, it is recorded that the King Janamejaya conquered it.
It also declares the men Taxila to be matchless and unrivalled in discussions
and debates in educational and cultural learning. Lastly, Ksemendra’s
‘Aradanakalpalata’ says that Asoka’s son, Kunala, was sent by Asoka to conquer
Takkhasila, which was ruled by Kunjarakarna.
Taxila has been referred to, often, in Pali literature as
well, a great centre of learning and as an important University centre in
ancient India. According to Dhammapadattahakatha, Pasenadi, King of Kosala, was
educated at the University of Taxila. From the Mahavagga, (Vinaya Pitaka), we
learn that several princes from various kingdoms, within and without India,
went to the University of Taxila for their complete education.
Dhammapadadattahakatha speaks of a student who went to Taxila, all the way from
Benares, to study the ‘Silpas’, in the midst of five hundred class-mates. In
several places, in the Pali Jatakas, there are references to highly renowned teachers
living at Taxila and to the various subjects taught there.
The foreign writers of Greece, Rome and China have left Lind
valuable records of accounts of Taxila. Arrian refers it as having been a great
and flourishing city in the times Alexander. Strabo comments upon its
population. Plutarch dwells upon its fertile soil. Hiuentsang writes of its
rich harvests and luxuriant vegetation. There are other foreign Buddhist works
which refer to the various arts and sciences, imparted at the University of Taxila,
in the Buddhist age.
Historical evidence is not absolutely wanting in confirming
the greatness of the ancient history and prosperity of Taxila, the fifth
century B.C., Taxila was included in the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. An
inscription in Aramic character, a relic of Persian influence at Taxila, was
discovered in the fifth or fourth century B.C. Taxila was then a reputed
University town, famous for the arts and sciences of the day. Alexander the
great received the submission of Ambhi of Taxila, in 326 B.C. From the Greek
writers we learn that the country was well governed. But polygamy and Sati were
in vogue; poor girls were sold at marriage-markets; the dead were exposed to
vultures.
After Alexander’s death, Chandragupta incorporated Taxila into the Empire
of Magadha. In the times of Bindusara, Taxila rebelled and then threw off the
Mauryan yoke. Asoka, however, subdued it and ruled there as Bindusara’s
Viceroy. That Kunhala, Asoka’s son, was, for some time, Asoka’s Viceroy at
Taxila, a flourishing city, is testified to by the Pillar Edict VII. After
Asoka’s death, along with the other outlying provinces, Taxila asserted her
independence, only to be conquered by the Bactrian Greeks. Their rule was,
however, supplanted at Taxila by that of the Scythians or Sakas. It is
supposed, by the way, that in 44 A.D. Apollonius of Tuana visited Taxila. Very
soon, Taxila fell into the hands of Kujula Kadphises, between 50 A.D. and 60
A.D. In 400 A.D. Fahien visited the Buddhistic monuments at Taxila, but left no
particulars about them. When Hiuen-tsang visited India, in the days of Harsha,
he found it a dependency of Kashmir. The greatness of Taxila gradually passed
off unceremoniously into the limbo of oblivion. The work of its downfall and
gradual destruction was certainly due to incessant hordes of barbarous Huns.
We have reasons to believe that the University of Taxila, to
which many Colleges were affiliated, howsoever it might have originated, was
maintained by the voluntary and willing co-operation of the State and society.
The King’s bounteous donations and the occasional subscriptions of the rich
local magnates and merchants, together with the collection of fees from the
paid students of the University, defrayed the expenditure of the Institution.
The University of Taxila, however, acquired special
reputation, for medical sciences, as the University of Benares was reputed for
theology. The Mahavagga speaks of ]ivaka, the renowned physician at the Court
of Bimbisara, having been educated there in medicine and surgery. But, the
University did not neglect the imparting of other sciences and arts. Of the
other subjects taught there, special mention should be made about the three
Vedas–Sama, Rig and Yajur–and eighteen Vijjas (branches of knowledge).
According to Uttarakanda of Ramayana, (Vangavasi Edition), we learn that Law or
Vyavahara at the University of Taxila was a specialised subject. We also learn
that Bhimasena, King of Benares, learnt archery there (Sarbhanga Jataka). In
the Campeyya Jataka, it is said that a young man learnt
"Alambanamantam" (art of charming snakes) at Taxila. According to the
Vrahachatta Jataka, a son of the King of Kosala learnt
"Nidhi-Undharanamantam," (art of discovering hidden treasures), at
the University of Taxila. Thus, we have every reason to believe that the system
of education imparted at Taxila comprised a comprehensive curriculum, including
the science of grammar, lexicography, fine arts, medicine, logic, philosophy,
law and the study of "Jatakamala," the stories of Lord Buddha in his
previous births.
The teachers at the University were selfless monks,
belonging to different castes, who were experts in the branches of knowledge
and science which they chose to specialise in. The fame of these highly
renowned teachers spread far and wide not only for their unrivalled knowledge,
but also for the perfect and practical training that they gave their pupils;
and foreign scholars, students and visitors flocked there.
The
"Cittasambhuta Jataka" tells us that the University was more or less
an aristocratic institution that was open to people belonging only to upper
classes. Could the University of Taxila have been influenced by the then
existing scruples of the rigid caste system? It is a matter for speculation and
study. Though the University was staffed with missionaries of Buddhist
learning, the dominating force in its scheme of education was social and
ethical, while the spiritual element played only an incidental role.
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Afghanistan has USD 14 trillion worth of minerals, oil and
gas.
Afghan Pashtuns had high caste Brahmins among them before
Islam came. Great Sanskrit scholar and grammarian Panini was born in Pashtun
tribe. Panini is a prominent tribe among Pashtuns even today.
Talibans are great grand children of Gandhari, the Queen of
Kandhahar. She is mother of 100 Kauravas. Kauravas and Pandavas are cousins and
they were taught the art of invincible warfare and martial arts by Maha Brahmin
gurus like Dhronacharya, Krupacharya and Parasuram.
Till date, nobody could win Talibaans including emperor
Alexander. The defeat of two superpowers USSR and USA is a grand proof.
After the invasion of Islam, many noble and intellectual
Brahmins have become Muslims. They are living in Afghanistan and Sindh region
of Pakistan. They look very beautiful and strikingly similar to Indian
Brahmins.
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Afghanistan was the high pedestal of Maha Brahmins. Islam
has taken away that high pedestal from them.
Afghanistan is the gateway for power and wealth. Maha
Brahmins have a legitimate share and right to control this wealth.
Now, the Chanakyas must wakeup and bring that high pedestal
back to Brahmins.
Maha Brahmins can easily bring back their Vedic empire under
their control with the help of Brahmin Khalifa. Akhand Bharat will come under
the leadership of Brahmin Khalifa by default.
Bramin Khalifa is the only person who will receive a red
carpet welcome to the throne of this Gandhara Kingdom of Gandharai. 250 million
Indian Muslims are anxiously waiting to perform the Pattabhishekam of Brahmin
Khalifa.
With the help of mighty warriors Talibaans, Brahmins can
command 2 nuclear powered states and rule the world.
STEP IN AND TAKEOVER.
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"Oh my Brahmin brother !!. Break away from this chain
of slavery. May you ride your horse in the direction of Kaaba, the AGRAHARAM of
your noble ancestors".
Of course "I am Muslim by faith, Brahmin by Race. I am
proud of it" !!.
